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G. SGBIVANGW.

GALVANIG BATTERY. No. 270,702. Patented Jan. 16,1883.

am Y? c? a i i Z C) UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

Y GREGOIRE SCRIVANOW, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO HORACE HAM- LINE ELDRED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

GALVANIC BATTERY.

sPEcIEcATIoN forming partof Letters Patent No. 270,702, dated January 16, 1883.

Application filed May 93, 1882, (No model.) Patented in France July 30, 1881, No. 144,181; in Germany August 4, 1881; in

Austria August', 1881, and in Belgium October 26, 1881, No.56,071.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GREGOIRE ,SCRIVANOW, a subject ofthe Russian Emperor, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain Improvements in Galvanic Batteries, ot which the following is a specification.v

This invention belongs to the class of powerfnl batteries, and it has the advantagelover other batteries with which I am familiar of producing a constant and energetic current with a relatively-10W velocity, which peculiarly adapts it to all the uses to which ordinary batteries are applied.

My improved battery element is composed ot' three essential parts-namely, a plate or piece of prepared carbon or graphite, a plate or piece ofcarefully-amalgamated zinc, and a novel depolarizing-paste applied to the carbon plate as a coating, or interposedbetween' the carbon and zinc. The employment and composition of this depolarizing-paste forms the characteristicieature of my present invention.

The paste is composed of the followingingredients in about the proportions namedthat is to say: ammonia chloride of mercury, m (HgOlz) 'n (NH4C1), ten (10) parts, by weight; chloride of sodinm,three (3) parts, by weight; chloride ofsilver, one-fourth (lpart, by weight.

The ammonia chloride of mercury may be prepared as follows: Boil for about tive hours in a porcelain vessel a concentrated solution ot pure chloride ofammonium (sal-ammoniac) with one-fourth of its weight of oxide of merl ration of the double chloride by the use of oxide Gif-mercury are, I believe, as follows: The materials used are expressed by (HgOH- 4V(NH4Cl)=(ElgO)-{(N4H16Gl). Eliminating in the process one molecule of water, H2O, and two molecules of free ammonia, NgHG, and

there is left (HgCl2) and 2 (NH4Gl`) or simply a double proportion of the chloride of ammonium.

In forming the depolariZing-paste the ingredients named are added to a slightly-acid solution of chloride of Zinc (500) until a paste is produced of the proper consistency. It is important, however, to trituratethe mass thoroughly in aporcelain mortar in order to insure the intimate mixture of the ingredients. The carbon, which may be of any suitable form, and which has been previously treated with parafline, is coated with the depolarizingpaste, which is spread over its surface to a uniform depth of one to two millimeters. The paste is covered with live or six thicknesses ot' Swedish or Berzelins filtering-paper saturated with a solution composed of chloride of zinc (500) and chloride otA sodium mixed together in equal parts. This paper is secured to the carbon at its ed ges by means of paraffine. The combination of the zinc with the carbon thus prepared forms an element of great constancy. The difference of potential is about 1.3 volts, and the internal resistance is very feeble.

The reactions which take place in a battery of this kind are various. The dominant one, however, is the decomposition by the zinc of the chloro-mercuriatc ofammonium, accompanied with the formation of a double chloride of zinc and ammonium and a small quantity of zinc oxychloride. The free mercury, with traces of silver, is found in the form of amal' gam, partly on the carbon and partly on the zinc. The chlorides of sodium and silver which enter into the composition ofthe paste perform the part of a chlorinating agent and prevent the production of protochloride of mercury, (mercurial chloride.) This battery element is capable ot' beingarranged in various forms and shapes, according to the particular purpose to which it is to be applied. In the accompanying drawings I have shown four of these various arrangements, which l will now describe.

Figure l is a vertical longitudinal sectionalview, illustrating the preferred construction of the element for telegraphic and telephonie purposes. In this case the element is composed of a tubular carbon, C, into which a rod of zinc, Z, is inserted, the annular space between them beingilledwiththedepolarizing-pasteI?. Such elements may be grouped to form a battery of either quantity or intensity.

Fig. 2 is alongitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 3 a plan of the element when adapted for medical use. In this construction the carbon and zinc are in the form of plates.

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation, showing a double pile, the carbon plate C being covered with paste on both its faces, and two zincs, Z Z' being` employed. l

Fig. 5 is a plan, and Fig. 6 a mid-section, of a form of the element suitable for the button of an electric-bell.

tenances of the element, as these may be the same as are usually employed in batteries.

Having thus described my invention, I 3o 1.1The depolarizing composition for electrical batteries herein described, which consists of ammonia chloride of mercury, chloride of silver, and chloride of sodium mixed in about 35 the proportions set forth.

2. A battery element comprising a zinc, a carbon, and an interposed depolarizing-paste composed ot' ammonia chloride ot' mercury, chloride ofsilver, and chloride ot'sodium mixed 4o in about the proportions set forth.

3. rIhe combination, to form a battery element, of' the zinc, the previously-parafned carbon,the'depolarizing-paste P, compounded as described, and the cover of filtering-paper 45 saturated with the chlorides ofzinc and sodium, all arranged substantially as set forth.

In witness whereofI have hereunto signed my nam'e in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GREGOIRE SORIVANOW.

Witnesses:

RoB'r. M. HooPER, CHARLES MARDEBY. 

